Tom Gray ![](/sites/default/files/person/tom-gray.jpg) Tom Gray joined NVIDIA in 2011 and leads the Circuits Research group. Prior to NVIDIA, he worked on various transceiver design projects, high speed memory links, and high speed serial links for applications such as Ethernet, Fibre Channel, Infiniband, OIF, and PCI Express as a system architect at Nethra Imaging, ARM, Cadence, and IBM. He received the B.S. degree from Mississippi College in 1988, and the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical/computer engineering from North Carolina State University in 1990 and 1993, respectively. Research Area(s) [Circuits and VLSI Design](/index.php/research-area/circuits) [Resilience and Safety](/index.php/research-area/resilience) Main Field of Interest [Circuits and VLSI Design](/index.php/research-area/circuits) ### Publications ### 2024 [A 0.190-pJ/bit 25.2-Gb/s/wire Inverter-Based AC-Coupled Transceiver for Short-Reach Die-to-Die Interfaces in 5-nm CMOS](/publication/2024-04_0190-pjbit-252-gbswire-inverter-based-ac-coupled-transceiver-short-reach-die) [Yoshinori Nishi](/person/yoshi-nishi), John W. Poulton, [Xi Chen](/person/xi-chen), [Sanquan Song](/person/sanquan-song), [Brian Zimmer](/person/brian-zimmer), [Walker Turner](/person/walker-turner), [Stephen Tell](/person/stephen-tell), [Nikola Nedovic](/person/nikola-nedovic), [John Wilson](/person/john-wilson), [William Dally](/person/william-dally), [Tom Gray](/person/tom-gray) [IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits (JSSC) (Volume: 59, Issue: 4, April 2024)](https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10185334) ### 2023 [A 0.190-pJ/bit 25.2-Gb/s/wire Inverter-Based AC-Coupled Transceiver for Short-Reach Die-to-Die Interfaces in 5-nm CMOS](/publication/2023-06_0190-pjbit-252-gbswire-inverter-based-ac-coupled-transceiver-short-reach-die) [Yoshinori Nishi](/person/yoshi-nishi), John W. Poulton, [Xi Chen](/person/xi-chen), [Sanquan Song](/person/sanquan-song), [Brian Zimmer](/person/brian-zimmer), [Walker Turner](/person/walker-turner), [Stephen Tell](/person/stephen-tell), [Nikola Nedovic](/person/nikola-nedovic), [John Wilson](/person/john-wilson), [William Dally](/person/william-dally), [Tom Gray](/person/tom-gray) [2023 IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON VLSI TECHNOLOGY & CIRCUITS](https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/10185334) [A 0.297-pJ/Bit 50.4-Gb/s/Wire Inverter-Based Short-Reach Simultaneous Bi-Directional Transceiver for Die-to-Die Interface in 5-nm CMOS](/publication/2023-04_0297-pjbit-504-gbswire-inverter-based-short-reach-simultaneous-bi-directional) [Yoshinori Nishi](/person/yoshi-nishi), John W. Poulton, [Walker Turner](/person/walker-turner), [Xi Chen](/person/xi-chen), [Sanquan Song](/person/sanquan-song), [Brian Zimmer](/person/brian-zimmer), [Stephen Tell](/person/stephen-tell), [Nikola Nedovic](/person/nikola-nedovic), [John Wilson](/person/john-wilson), [William Dally](/person/william-dally), [Tom Gray](/person/tom-gray) [IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits ( Volume: 58, Issue: 4, April 2023)](https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10011563) [Beyond CPO: A Motivation and Approach for Bringing Optics onto the Silicon Interposer](/index.php/publication/2023-02_beyond-cpo-motivation-and-approach-bringing-optics-silicon-interposer) [Ben Lee](/index.php/person/ben-lee), [Nikola Nedovic](/index.php/person/nikola-nedovic), [Trey Greer](/index.php/person/trey-greer), [Tom Gray](/index.php/person/tom-gray) [Journal of Lightwave Technology](https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9939069) [A 95.6-TOPS/W Deep Learning Inference Accelerator With Per-Vector Scaled 4-bit Quantization in 5 nm](/publication/2023-01_956-topsw-deep-learning-inference-accelerator-vector-scaled-4-bit-quantization) [Ben Keller](/person/ben-keller), [Rangharajan Venkatesan](/person/rangharajan-venkatesan), [Steve Dai](/person/steve-dai), [Stephen Tell](/person/stephen-tell), [Brian Zimmer](/person/brian-zimmer), [Charbel Sakr](/person/charbel-sakr), [William Dally](/person/william-dally), [Tom Gray](/person/tom-gray), [Brucek Khailany](/person/brucek-khailany) [Journal of Solid-State Circuits](https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10019275) ### 2022 [A 0.297-pJ/bit 50.4-Gb/s/wire Inverter-Based Short-Reach Simultaneous Bidirectional Transceiver for Die-to-Die Interface in 5nm CMOS](/publication/2022-06_0297-pjbit-504-gbswire-inverter-based-short-reach-simultaneous-bidirectional) [Yoshinori Nishi](/person/yoshi-nishi), John W. Poulton, [Xi Chen](/person/xi-chen), [Sanquan Song](/person/sanquan-song), [Brian Zimmer](/person/brian-zimmer), [Walker Turner](/person/walker-turner), [Stephen Tell](/person/stephen-tell), [Nikola Nedovic](/person/nikola-nedovic), [John Wilson](/person/john-wilson), [William Dally](/person/william-dally), [Tom Gray](/person/tom-gray) [2022 IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON VLSI TECHNOLOGY & CIRCUITS](https://archive.vlsisymposium.org/22web/about/) [A 17–95.6 TOPS/W Deep Learning Inference Accelerator with Per-Vector Scaled 4-bit Quantization for Transformers in 5nm](/index.php/publication/2022-06_17-956-topsw-deep-learning-inference-accelerator-vector-scaled-4-bit) [Ben Keller](/index.php/person/ben-keller), [Rangharajan Venkatesan](/index.php/person/rangharajan-venkatesan), [Steve Dai](/index.php/person/steve-dai), [Stephen Tell](/index.php/person/stephen-tell), [Brian Zimmer](/index.php/person/brian-zimmer), [William Dally](/index.php/person/william-dally), [Tom Gray](/index.php/person/tom-gray), [Brucek Khailany](/index.php/person/brucek-khailany) [2022 Symposium on VLSI Technology & Circuits Digest of Technical Papers](https://www.vlsisymposium.org) [AutoCRAFT: Layout Automation for Custom Circuits in Advanced FinFET Technologies](/index.php/publication/2022-03_autocraft-layout-automation-custom-circuits-advanced-finfet-technologies) Hao Chen, [Walker Turner](/index.php/person/walker-turner), [Sanquan Song](/index.php/person/sanquan-song), Keren Zhu, George Kokai, [Brian Zimmer](/index.php/person/brian-zimmer), [Tom Gray](/index.php/person/tom-gray), [Brucek Khailany](/index.php/person/brucek-khailany), Mark Haoxing Ren [International Symposium on Physical Design 2022](https://ispd.cc/ispd2022/slides/ispd2022.html) ### 2021 [Simba: scaling deep-learning inference with chiplet-based architecture](/publication/2021-05_simba-scaling-deep-learning-inference-chiplet-based-architecture) Yakun Sophia Shao, [Jason Clemons](/person/jason-clemons), [Rangharajan Venkatesan](/person/rangharajan-venkatesan), [Brian Zimmer](/person/brian-zimmer), [Matt Fojtik](/person/matt-fojtik), [Ted Jiang](/person/ted-jiang), [Ben Keller](/person/ben-keller), Alicia Klinefelter, [Nathaniel Pinckney](/person/nathaniel-pinckney), Priyanka Raina, [Stephen Tell](/person/stephen-tell), [Yanqing Zhang](/person/yanqing-zhang), [William Dally](/person/william-dally), [Joel Emer](/person/joel-emer), [Tom Gray](/person/tom-gray), [Brucek Khailany](/person/brucek-khailany), [Steve Keckler](/person/stephen-keckler) [Communications of the ACM](https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3460227) ACM Research Highlight ### 2020 [Reference-Noise Compensation Scheme for Single- Ended Package-to-Package Links](/publication/2020-02_reference-noise-compensation-scheme-single-ended-package-package-links) [Xi Chen](/person/xi-chen), [Nikola Nedovic](/person/nikola-nedovic), [Stephen Tell](/person/stephen-tell), [Sudhir Kudva](/person/sudhir-kudva), [Brian Zimmer](/person/brian-zimmer), [Trey Greer](/person/trey-greer), John Poulton, [Sanquan Song](/person/sanquan-song), [Walker Turner](/person/walker-turner), [John Wilson](/person/john-wilson), [Tom Gray](/person/tom-gray) [2020 International Solid-State Circuits Conference](http://isscc.org/) [A 0.32–128 TOPS, Scalable Multi-Chip-Module-Based Deep Neural Network Inference Accelerator With Ground-Referenced Signaling in 16 nm](/publication/2020-01_032-128-tops-scalable-multi-chip-module-based-deep-neural-network-inference) [Brian Zimmer](/person/brian-zimmer), [Rangharajan Venkatesan](/person/rangharajan-venkatesan), Yakun Sophia Shao, [Jason Clemons](/person/jason-clemons), [Matt Fojtik](/person/matt-fojtik), [Ted Jiang](/person/ted-jiang), [Ben Keller](/person/ben-keller), Alicia Klinefelter, [Nathaniel Pinckney](/person/nathaniel-pinckney), Priyanka Raina, [Stephen Tell](/person/stephen-tell), [Yanqing Zhang](/person/yanqing-zhang), [William Dally](/person/william-dally), [Joel Emer](/person/joel-emer), [Tom Gray](/person/tom-gray), [Steve Keckler](/person/stephen-keckler), [Brucek Khailany](/person/brucek-khailany) [IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits (JSSC)](https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8959403) JSSC 2020 Best Paper award ### 2019 [Simba: Scaling Deep-Learning Inference with Multi-Chip-Module-Based Architecture](/publication/2019-10_simba-scaling-deep-learning-inference-multi-chip-module-based-architecture) Sophia Shao, [Jason Clemons](/person/jason-clemons), [Rangharajan Venkatesan](/person/rangharajan-venkatesan), [Brian Zimmer](/person/brian-zimmer), [Matt Fojtik](/person/matt-fojtik), [Ted Jiang](/person/ted-jiang), [Ben Keller](/person/ben-keller), Alicia Klinefelter, [Nathaniel Pinckney](/person/nathaniel-pinckney), Priyanka Raina, [Stephen Tell](/person/stephen-tell), [Yanqing Zhang](/person/yanqing-zhang), [William Dally](/person/william-dally), [Joel Emer](/person/joel-emer), [Tom Gray](/person/tom-gray), [Brucek Khailany](/person/brucek-khailany), [Steve Keckler](/person/stephen-keckler) [International Symposium on Microarchitecture (MICRO)](https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3352460.3358302) Best Paper award, IEEE Micro Top Picks in Computer Architecture (Honorable Mention) [A 0.11 pJ/Op, 0.32-128 TOPS, Scalable Multi-Chip-Module-based Deep Neural Network Accelerator Designed with a High-Productivity VLSI Methodology](/publication/2019-08_011-pjop-032-128-tops-scalable-multi-chip-module-based-deep-neural-network) [Rangharajan Venkatesan](/person/rangharajan-venkatesan), Sophia Shao, [Brian Zimmer](/person/brian-zimmer), [Jason Clemons](/person/jason-clemons), [Matt Fojtik](/person/matt-fojtik), [Ted Jiang](/person/ted-jiang), [Ben Keller](/person/ben-keller), Alicia Klinefelter, [Nathaniel Pinckney](/person/nathaniel-pinckney), Priyanka Raina, [Stephen Tell](/person/stephen-tell), [Yanqing Zhang](/person/yanqing-zhang), [William Dally](/person/william-dally), [Joel Emer](/person/joel-emer), [Tom Gray](/person/tom-gray), [Steve Keckler](/person/stephen-keckler), [Brucek Khailany](/person/brucek-khailany) [Hot Chips: A Symposium on High Performance Chips](http://www.hotchips.org/) [A 0.11 pJ/Op, 0.32-128 TOPS, Scalable Multi-Chip-Module-based Deep Neural Network Accelerator with Ground-Reference Signaling in 16nm](/publication/2019-06_011-pjop-032-128-tops-scalable-multi-chip-module-based-deep-neural-network) [Brian Zimmer](/person/brian-zimmer), [Rangharajan Venkatesan](/person/rangharajan-venkatesan), Sophia Shao, [Jason Clemons](/person/jason-clemons), [Matt Fojtik](/person/matt-fojtik), [Ted Jiang](/person/ted-jiang), [Ben Keller](/person/ben-keller), Alicia Klinefelter, [Nathaniel Pinckney](/person/nathaniel-pinckney), Priyanka Raina, [Stephen Tell](/person/stephen-tell), [Yanqing Zhang](/person/yanqing-zhang), [William Dally](/person/william-dally), [Joel Emer](/person/joel-emer), [Tom Gray](/person/tom-gray), [Steve Keckler](/person/stephen-keckler), [Brucek Khailany](/person/brucek-khailany) [Symposium on VLSI Circuits](https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8778056) [Analog/Mixed-Signal Hardware Error Modeling for Deep Learning Inference](/publication/2019-06_analogmixed-signal-hardware-error-modeling-deep-learning-inference) Angad S. Rekhi, [Brian Zimmer](/person/brian-zimmer), [Nikola Nedovic](/person/nikola-nedovic), Nigxi Liu, [Rangharajan Venkatesan](/person/rangharajan-venkatesan), Miaorong Wang, [Brucek Khailany](/person/brucek-khailany), [William Dally](/person/william-dally), [Tom Gray](/person/tom-gray) [Design Automation Conference (DAC)](https://dac.com/) [Voltage-Follower Coupling Quadrature Oscillator with Embedded Phase-Interpolator in 16nm FinFET](/publication/2019-04_voltage-follower-coupling-quadrature-oscillator-embedded-phase-interpolator) [Xi Chen](/person/xi-chen), [Sanquan Song](/person/sanquan-song), John Poulton, [Nikola Nedovic](/person/nikola-nedovic), [Brian Zimmer](/person/brian-zimmer), [Stephen Tell](/person/stephen-tell), [Tom Gray](/person/tom-gray) [IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference 2019](http://ieee-cicc.org/) [A 1.17-pJ/b, 25-Gb/s/pin Ground-Referenced Single-Ended Serial Link for Off- and On-Package Communication Using a Process- and Temperature-Adaptive Voltage Regulator](/publication/2019-01_117-pjb-25-gbspin-ground-referenced-single-ended-serial-link-and-package) John Poulton, [John Wilson](/person/john-wilson), [Walker Turner](/person/walker-turner), [Brian Zimmer](/person/brian-zimmer), [Xi Chen](/person/xi-chen), [Sudhir Kudva](/person/sudhir-kudva), [Sanquan Song](/person/sanquan-song), [Stephen Tell](/person/stephen-tell), [Nikola Nedovic](/person/nikola-nedovic), Wenxu Zhao, Sunil Sudhakaran, [Tom Gray](/person/tom-gray), [William Dally](/person/william-dally) IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS ### 2018 [Hardware-Enabled Artificial Intelligence](/publication/2018-06_hardware-enabled-artificial-intelligence) [William Dally](/person/william-dally), [Tom Gray](/person/tom-gray), John Poulton, [Brucek Khailany](/person/brucek-khailany), [John Wilson](/person/john-wilson), [Larry Dennison](/person/larry-dennison) Symposia on VLSI Technology and Circuits [Ground-Referenced Signaling for Intra-Chip and Short-Reach Chip-to-Chip Interconnects](/publication/2018-04_ground-referenced-signaling-intra-chip-and-short-reach-chip-chip-interconnects) [Walker Turner](/person/walker-turner), John Poulton, [John Wilson](/person/john-wilson), [Xi Chen](/person/xi-chen), [Stephen Tell](/person/stephen-tell), [Matt Fojtik](/person/matt-fojtik), [Trey Greer](/person/trey-greer), [Brian Zimmer](/person/brian-zimmer), [Sanquan Song](/person/sanquan-song), [Nikola Nedovic](/person/nikola-nedovic), [Sudhir Kudva](/person/sudhir-kudva), Sunil Sudhakaran, Rizwan Bashirullah, Wenxu Zhao, [William Dally](/person/william-dally), [Tom Gray](/person/tom-gray) Custom Integrated Circuits Conference [A Switching Linear Regulator Based on a Fast-Self-Clocked Comparator with Very Low Probability of Meta-stability and a Parallel Analog Ripple Control Module](/publication/2018-04_switching-linear-regulator-based-fast-self-clocked-comparator-very-low) [Sudhir Kudva](/person/sudhir-kudva), [Sanquan Song](/person/sanquan-song), John Poulton, [John Wilson](/person/john-wilson), Wenxu Zhao, [Tom Gray](/person/tom-gray) Custom Integrated Circuits Conference [A 1.17pJ/b 25Gb/s/pin Ground-Referenced Single Ended Serial Link for Off- and On-Package Communication in 16nm CMOS Using a Process- and Temperature-Adaptive Voltage Regulator](/index.php/publication/2018-02_117pjb-25gbspin-ground-referenced-single-ended-serial-link-and-package) [John Wilson](/index.php/person/john-wilson), [Walker Turner](/index.php/person/walker-turner), John Poulton, [Brian Zimmer](/index.php/person/brian-zimmer), [Xi Chen](/index.php/person/xi-chen), [Sanquan Song](/index.php/person/sanquan-song), [Stephen Tell](/index.php/person/stephen-tell), [Nikola Nedovic](/index.php/person/nikola-nedovic), Wenxu Zhao, Sunil Sudhakaran, [Tom Gray](/index.php/person/tom-gray), [William Dally](/index.php/person/william-dally) ISSCC ### 2016 [Current parking regulator for zero droop/overshoot load transient response](/publication/2016-03_current-parking-regulator-zero-droopovershoot-load-transient-response) [Sudhir Kudva](/person/sudhir-kudva), [William Dally](/person/william-dally), [Trey Greer](/person/trey-greer), [Tom Gray](/person/tom-gray) Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) [A 28nm 2Mbit 6T SRAM with Highly Configurable Write Assist Implementation and Capacitor Based Sense Amplifier Input Offset Compen](/publication/2016-02_28nm-2mbit-6t-sram-highly-configurable-write-assist-implementation-and) Mahmut Sinangil, John Poulton, [Matt Fojtik](/person/matt-fojtik), [Trey Greer](/person/trey-greer), [Stephen Tell](/person/stephen-tell), Andy Gotterba, Jesse Wang, Jason Golbus, [William Dally](/person/william-dally), [Tom Gray](/person/tom-gray) Journal of Solid State Circuits [A 6.5-to-23.3fJ/b/mm Balanced Charge-Recycling Bus in 16nm FinFET CMOS at 1.7-to-2.6Gb/s/wire with Clock Forwarding and Low-Crosstalk Contraflow Wiring](/publication/2016-02_65-233fjbmm-balanced-charge-recycling-bus-16nm-finfet-cmos-17-26gbswire-clock) [John Wilson](/person/john-wilson), [Matt Fojtik](/person/matt-fojtik), John Poulton, [Xi Chen](/person/xi-chen), [Stephen Tell](/person/stephen-tell), [Trey Greer](/person/trey-greer), [Tom Gray](/person/tom-gray), [William Dally](/person/william-dally) [International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC 2016)](http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7417954/) ### 2015 [High-speed Low-power On-chip Global Signaling Design Overview](/publication/2015-01_high-speed-low-power-chip-global-signaling-design-overview) [Xi Chen](/person/xi-chen), [John Wilson](/person/john-wilson), John Poulton, Rizwan Bashirullah, [Tom Gray](/person/tom-gray) [DesignCon](http://presentations.designcon.com/events/santa-clara/2015/conference-sessions) ### 2014 [A Reverse Write Assist Circuit for SRAM Dynamic Write VMIN Tracking using Canary SRAMs](/publication/2014-03_reverse-write-assist-circuit-sram-dynamic-write-vmin-tracking-using-canary) Arijit Banerjee, Mahmut Sinangil, John Poulton, [Tom Gray](/person/tom-gray), Ben Calhoun International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design ### 2013 [A 0.54 pJ/b 20 Gb/s Ground-Referenced Single-Ended Short-Reach Serial Link in 28 nm CMOS for Advanced Packaging Applications](/publication/2013-12_054-pjb-20-gbs-ground-referenced-single-ended-short-reach-serial-link-28-nm) John Poulton, [William Dally](/person/william-dally), [Xi Chen](/person/xi-chen), John Eyles, [Trey Greer](/person/trey-greer), [Stephen Tell](/person/stephen-tell), [John Wilson](/person/john-wilson), [Tom Gray](/person/tom-gray) [Journal of Solid State Circuits](http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6601723) [A 0.54pJ/b 20Gb/s Ground-Referenced Single-Ended Short-Haul Serial Link in 28nm CMOS for Advanced Packaging Applications](/index.php/publication/2013-02_054pjb-20gbs-ground-referenced-single-ended-short-haul-serial-link-28nm-cmos) John Poulton, [William Dally](/index.php/person/william-dally), [Xi Chen](/index.php/person/xi-chen), John Eyles, [Trey Greer](/index.php/person/trey-greer), [Stephen Tell](/index.php/person/stephen-tell), [Tom Gray](/index.php/person/tom-gray) [ISSCC](http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=6487789)