Locality-Centric Data and Threadblock Management for Massive GPUs

Recent work has shown that building GPUs with hundreds of SMs in a single monolithic chip will not be practical due to slowing growth in transistor density, low chip yields, and photoreticle limitations. To maintain performance scalability, proposals exist to aggregate discrete GPUs into a larger virtual GPU and decompose a single GPU into multiple-chip-modules with increased aggregate die area. These approaches introduce non-uniform memory access (NUMA) effects and lead to decreased performance and energy-efficiency if not managed appropriately. To overcome these effects, we propose a holistic Locality-Aware Data Management (LADM) system designed to operate on massive logical GPUs composed of multiple discrete devices, which are themselves composed of chiplets. LADM has three key components: a threadblock-centric index analysis, a runtime system that performs data placement and threadblock scheduling, and an adaptive cache insertion policy. The runtime combines information from the static analysis with topology information to proactively optimize data placement, threadblock scheduling, and remote data caching, minimizing off-chip traffic. Compared to state-of-the-art multi-GPU scheduling, LADM reduces inter-chip memory traffic by 4× and improves system performance by 1.8× on a future multi-GPU system.